Sheng Xuanhuai fled, and hid United States Embassy in China, this event, quickly stir the whole world. The 67-year-old Qing Dynasty at the ministerial level cadres to become global the focus of major newspaper coverage.

This is October 27, 1911, the distance that the future is called the “Revolution” riots, only 17 days, the degree of concern is no less than the ongoing bloody war in the distant central China.

a fugitive

“Washington Post,” the report said, rumored, Sheng fled to the U.S. embassy, ​​then go under the escort of the 10 foreign soldiers Tianjin. But when the paper is to verify to the U.S. Embassy, ​​Embassy Counsellor Edward denied this.

October 27, 1911, the Congress of the Qing Empire (“advisory council”) passed a special resolution, request the Central Government on the the Postal Minister Sheng Xuanhuai “Mingzhengdianxing.

detract from the national legislature, under the premise of the evidence lacking to the name of “people” and “constitutional” trial program to more than 100 people vote the way, requiring the execution of a senior government leaders. This is undoubtedly the world’s parliamentary history, a spectacle.

Prior to two days (October 25)

advisory council also only requires government the recall Sheng Xuanhuai Minister duties. Reuters Beijing issued message said, this advisory council to the Qing government a difficult decision: either to obey the requirements of the advisory council to get rid of a “a loyal officials “; or reject the advisory council’s request, but the equivalent of claiming to represent number of the advisory council of the people of the war. This message the next day (26), “New York Times,” Washington Post “,” Manchester Guardian “is widely cited. The New York Times even believe that this is the “ultimatum” issued by the advisory council of the Government.

the next day (26), does not seem to have the number of struggling Qing government accepted the advisory council of the “ultimatum”, the Sheng Xuanhuai “double” ordered. The Edict announced: “Sheng Xuanhuai by country Grace, dare illegal line private, thereby adversely affecting the overall situation, it is female Gu ex post”, “OK dismissed, never SERVICE.” At the same time, the Prime Minister Prince Ching Yi Kuang that Tong, Deputy Prime Minister (“Associate”) Minister, the Shichang parallel action.

international media continue to follow up reports. October 27 Wall Street Journal, “title” China royal yield in order to avoid revolution “can be described as hit the nail on the head. The Wall Street Journal by the use of the words “yield” (The yield) is similar to the same day, “New York Times,” the title with the “surrender” (surrender), “Washington Post, reported that” then the use of is the “knee” (bow), to depict the compromise of the government.

with these relatively neutral reporting, Morrison, the prestigious British “Times” reporter in the West, the issue is clearly biased coverage. He believes that lifting pressure under duress the Sheng Xuanhuai duties, it is a disgrace to the Chinese government, on behalf of the government’s “weakness and fear”. “New York Times reproduced Morrison this story, the title simply changed to” This is shameful Act (Calls it a shameful edict).

Interestingly, Morrison believes that the sacked Sheng Xuanhuai I may not be bad, because of his physical weakness. This is almost all official and unofficial literature, the only mention of Sheng Xuanhuai Health situation. Sheng Xuanhuai 1916 after the death of their children and grandchildren for their written Sheng Xuanhuai line references to “disclosure of some of the circumstances, it seems Sheng Xuanhuai indeed faced with health problems, but not serious. Seems, as the Qing official pass, have the “Beijing Morrison” nickname of the British reporter, perhaps with special channels that come into contact with the deeper insider.

but as Prime Minister Prince Ching Yi Kuang, but then they have been reprimanded and do not care, “New York Times” said, according to sources close to the celebration of Prince, the Prime Minister did not unhappy, and even look forward to their own can also be left as soon as possible to escape from this dilemma.

“Washington Post” published a of Sheng Xuanhuai and government troops Front commander Yin Chang, Guangzhou General Fengshan killed by the revolutionary party, the outgoing and incoming U.S. envoy Zhang Yin-huan, Sze The people of the photo , the subject with considerable ridicule Ingredients: starring in the chaos of China “(Chief actors in. China” s troubled affairs).

development of the situation, and the title of the “Washington Post” as easily. Advisory council to open the “Sheng, still not satisfied, they want to go further – to the Sheng Xuanhuai life.

In this regard, “Washington Post,” seems to establish a special news channel, has published a more detailed coverage than other media.

message (28, published in the paper) issued by the

newspaper reporter in the 27th, said the advisory council of lawmakers failed executions Sheng Xuanhuai quite indignant, through a new motion requirements imposed this ministers to death and executed immediately. In the newspapers is issued, the newspaper with a long subtitle: “step down and Cabinet Minister Sheng, have fled to Beijing in order to avoid assassination, it is believed he has access to the foreign diplomatic asylum.”

“Washington Post,” the report said, rumored, Sheng fled to the U.S. embassy, ​​then go under the escort of the 10 foreign soldiers Tianjin. But when the paper is to verify to the U.S. Embassy, ​​Embassy Counsellor Edward denied this.

reporters continue to tap that same day the First Sheng Xuanhuai a follower of, an emergency visit to the U.S. Embassy, ​​United States, Britain minister to carry out consultations, and to convene a joint United States, Britain, France, Germany, Shikoku Minister The meeting will immediately collective audience with the Prime Minister of China, Qing Prince, Sheng Xuanhuai safety expressed strong concern. Reported that the reason why the four countries involved in this, because Sheng Xuanhuai Shikoku syndicated railway loan negotiations, the major players, Sheng today’s situation, highly associated with the negotiations, countries have a moral responsibility to his for protection.

“Washington Post” reports later proved to be true. Day (27), noted that the advisory council executed Sheng Xuanhuai news, the British Minister Zhu Jordan U.S. envoy Calhoun, German Minister Ha Ho Sun, France proxy minister of Feige Wei emergency consultations, determined to take joint action to protect Sheng Xuanhuai.

Zhu Jordan said British Foreign Secretary Gray urgent telegram issued on October 28, Minister Shikoku in the 27th joint audience with Prince Ching, the commitment to celebrate Prince never harm Sheng Xuanhuai. In the more detailed delivery report (November 17 arrived in London), Jordan reported more details:

“Recently Sheng Xuanhuai due to contention railway policy in order to save peril, in the major member of the Beijing corrupt government, in fact, an outstanding person (snow Er Note: original Sheng Xuanhuai become the the” shoulders and minds of the weak government ” , translated here from the old). advisory council unknown details uproar argue the impeachment, Sheng never expected the results, hurry to the dismissal. Sheng was the punch, Jew according to the Oriental habits, quite calm. action and the cuisine confessed before the night (26). then the next day (27) Shishi suddenly greater change advisory council has been dissemination of India resolution, dashing to kill this elderly high-ranking officials. “

reported that, immediately seek the help of the U.S. Embassy the Sheng Xuanhuai learned of the movements of the advisory council, the U.S. Embassy informed the British Embassy, ​​so determined to take joint action of Shikoku. The Shikoku minister to an audience with the Prime Minister Prince Ching, Prince Qing, said the advisory council will kill Sheng requirements have been submitted to the Prince Regent Zai Feng, Zai Feng considers penalties Sheng Xuanhuai to have been enough, should not agree to advisory council requirements.

Although

celebrate Prince guarantee, Sheng is not any danger, but Jordan believes that celebrate Prince in conversation, in fact, show a considerable unease, worried about the controversy surrounding the railway problem will continue to deteriorate. So, Jordan and said that, the advisory council such a request the execution of the Sheng Xuanhuai decision is very barbaric.

U.S. Embassy, ​​Sheng Xuanhuai to the ministers said, is extremely worried about their own lives and safety, via Tianjin to Shanghai refuge. The ministers decided that each embassy factions two soldiers and eight were heavily armed, accompanied by the British Secretary of the U.S. embassy in Chinese from Ding Jiali and Barton, escort Sheng Xuanhuai to Tianjin concession.

any information records show that the powers armed to help the laid-off senior cadres “escape”, the Qing government what kind of attitude, but apparently, the “multinational force” and not subject to any obstruction. The only trouble, but from Japan people.

According to the October 29 Washington Post “reported that, on the 27th, Sheng just a Japanese bank about things, that the advisory council of the death penalty resolution, he was stranded in Japan bank, and then left the bank, came to the U.S. Embassy.

but according to the Japanese, Sheng fact, from the advisory council on the 25th through the resolution to remove him from office, had been hiding in the Yokohama Specie Bank branch manager (branch manager) mansion.

Obviously, the Sheng Xuanhuai Escape has become a country eager to hunt baby. Since then, scramble around of Sheng Xuanhuai the right of asylum, between countries, especially Japan and the United States, also staged a more intense secret war.

(27),

night, in the strict protection of the United States and Britain, Germany and France “multinational force”, Sheng, left Beijing. “Washington Post” (29) recorded that at this time the city of Beijing has been rumors sky, and some say the Manchu government decided to genocide of the Han Chinese, while others say that the royal family is also preparing to flee, but the intense diplomatic mission to discourage …

the vanguard

Sheng Xuanhuai both internal and external, are a strong people. He does not belong to any faction, but “the overall governance” has naturally become the target of everyone jealous, coupled with the implementation of railway state-owned work rigid, in fact to their own kind of disaster does not light.

this

“escape” event, apparently greatly out of everyone, including the to Sheng Xuanhuai I expected.

distance Sheng Xuanhuai at this time as Minister for Postal Department, only 10 months. The Postal Department is most of the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Transportation, Department of Telecommunications, postal department four functions, especially railway for large, Sheng is in charge of Railway Company in 1896, has been governed by this most within the scope of the “Big Brother”.

but when the super most formally, Sheng but in the powers of the internal strife in defeat, was sent to Deputy Minister (assistant minister) the identity of negotiations about foreign investors. Until August 1910, he returned to Beijing, but still is a vice minister, more embarrassing, the Minister (“Book”) is actually his former subordinates Tang Shao-yi. Thus, the two had said the disease.

twists and turns, Tang Shao-yi did barely a few months, finally leaving, but the Sheng Xuanhuai also able to sit in January 1911 the Minister of Postal Department that has long belonged to his seat.

long pent-up was very tall people, and finally hold on the coveted Yin Bazi, will work to Thunder means the blade first point is most familiar with the national strategic resources up Railway.

17 commercial railway company, although the government to let go of non-intervention, and give a variety of special policies, including allowing them to equity capital by way of levying a special tax collection, in fact, is to use public power to do to protect people forcibly raise funds. However, the state-owned enterprises before 17 than more is better, and everyone are corrupt, beleaguered railway construction there is no progress, huge amounts of money actually disappeared, having, in fact, no one can continue to maintain, not only greatly affected as a national strategic layout of the railway network construction, but also makes people sulked.

central eager to restore this negative situation, and anxious to work the meritorious Sheng Xuanhuai is the right candidate. Under his auspices, the central government announced in May 1911, the railways be nationalized, commercial or economic compensation, or renewal of the national railway company’s stock. This “state-owned railway policy”, has won the vast majority of the road by the storm, and looked forward to the Central shot a cheer of “bailout” of the provinces. The U.S. “Christian Science Monitor reported on May 31 the Sheng Xuanhuai this reform, and said:” This is another evidence of China’s steady development, the decree issued by those truly patriotic people welcome. “

However, Guangdong, Hunan, and Hubei provinces, providers do the railway company, since the completion of the huge funds raised, the executives actually have enormous benefits, once state-owned, their interests will damage, and the flowers before the account bad debts, bad debts in the audit exposure , and therefore strongly opposed. The loss of the most serious Sichuan-Hankou Railway in Sichuan (Chuan Road Company “), its executives in the cheers state at the same time, a side: I hope that the central budget pays the bill for the irregularities in Shanghai stocks and the loss of 350 million taels of silver were to Sheng Xuanhuai tough rejected.

Chuan Lu executives

are frustrated, angry, joined the ranks of those with vested interests, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei provinces commercial railway, began the onslaught of state-owned railway policy, stormed Sheng Xuanhuai I. For a time, flying hat, the stick over and over to play. Namely the so-called “Protection Movement onset.

However, the light in order to fill their own financial hole against the central, apparently apprenticeship unknown. Soon, an excellent “starting point” appeared in: 11 days after the release of state edict, the central and the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Shikoku Bank signed a loan contract, the introduction of a massive £ 10 million foreign investment in railway construction. After all, the railway construction is capital-intensive industries, and whether the state capital or private capital, are in fact difficult to support this a huge of investment the introduction of foreign capital is almost the only one choice. Several commercially operated railway company executives ecstatic: the erupted rose to the height of the “patriotic” or “traitorous” and the central bargaining – even though these so-called “Protection Movement” who, later secretly negotiations with foreign capital.

Sheng Xuanhuai both for internal and external, are a strong people, under his auspices, and Shikoku syndicated loan negotiations, consultations for several months, meeting, and 20 times, the debate is more than tens of thousands of words. about Shaoke strive, the tongue spacious Chunjiao, may only restore a few things, in fact, has no quarrel, “the terms of the loan contract to the direction favorable to China’s development. Half of the not only the annual interest rate is still maintained at 5%, less than half of domestic banks and lending rates of ticket number, and the loans can exist in the Bank of Qing Bank, which is equal to these two state-owned banks to enhance the position and the original stipulated in the contract can only exist in Shikoku Bank. The same time, the contract also delete a scheduled Shikoku right to participate in the terms of the construction of several slip, and the provisions of the tracks must use the national product of the Hanyang Iron Works and other raw materials for international bidding is no longer specified by foreigners. Sheng Xuanhuai firmly believe that this contract, funds, Han Railway within three years will be able to across the board connected to, the principal can begin within a decade.

However, the full equality signed loan agreement was a “traitor” allegations.

more importantly, as Li’s own troops, Li died 10 years later, Sheng fact, no any strong political backing. At a time when the Qing officialdom, great emphasis on the martial art.

the

obviously does not belong to any faction of the Sheng Xuanhuai, but overall ship, bank, iron administration, refining smelting, coal, textile and various big government “naturally become all jealous of the target, coupled with its implementation of the railway state-owned , work rigid, in fact, to their own kind of disaster does not light.

tirelessly to lessen the central, Hunan, Hubei, and Guangdong provinces Paul remote “just leave, quickly died down, the vested interests who take a back seat to enjoy the fruits of victory surviving. Sichuan, but because the stock loss is too large, can only choose Sike with the Central and intensified. Chengdu center stage, a “face” drama Yueyan Yue lively. Chuan Road, company executives, represented by groups with vested interests, hesitate aloft the banner of nationalism, out of nothing, thus intensifying contradictions. Government officials at all levels, holding their own in trying to fish in troubled waters, the use of the popular movement to gain political capital for themselves, the various forces finally led to the Protection Movement out of control and to subvert the overall storm surge, Sheng Xuanhuai become the origin of the contradictions and focus.

the Sheng Xuanhuai this to maintain a sufficient self-knowledge. September 30, he was in the telegram sent to the Cen spring THOMAS explain Chuan Road, state compensation programs, they say themselves “in the matter, has been the target of public criticism, namely the expense of body life Ho Pi slightest?”

three scapegoats

Sheng Xuanhuai more isolated within the system: First, to offend a large group of the Qing Empire “princelings”; he recommended Yuan, had even his political opponents; is recommended Yuan move so that those who Yuan abhorrence of the “princelings” more angry.

Protection Movement to deal with Sichuan, Sheng Xuanhuai is the firm hawks, as the core of the central government to the age of 28 Regent Zai Feng, trying to cheer some, they believed that occupied the situation, the rationale for Protection Movement. outdone. Duan Fang was ordered, led by the Sichuan-insurgency, resulting in Wuchang empty, Hubei New Army, October 10, Wuchang insurrection. Further deterioration of the situation.

Wuchang insurrection, Sheng troops set off, has become the “chaos” scheduling, in order to protect the railway bridge, the mobilization of vehicles, vessels, transporting military supplies civilian, can be described as they racked their brains.

even

, in order as soon as possible to achieve the purpose of the “chaos”, he is still one day on October 20, confidant of the regent, the branch of the Minister are set out Ze-generation intends to three copies of “Mianzou abridged report (with the central core of the conversation the main points):

First-generation set out the reason section of the relations from Chak contemplated soldiers Chi Su Strategy that creating chaos in prospect, the “indiscriminate” military operations must be fast;

two shady afternoon floor should be power aims to promote pro-Governor into the soldiers section slightly shady afternoon, House is the Front commander Yam Cheong, Sheng accused him of blindly wait and see, miss this opportunity, and to recommend to the Central immediately replaced ;

The

three “Yuan Shikai should drop out the edict was to urge him to go to Hubei section slightly, Sheng suggests that the central hired Yuan Shikai, instead of Yinchang.

slightly

3 copies of section in fact make Sheng Xuanhuai more isolated within the system: one is offended a prima donna, in the Guoxue Germany learning the military back Yin Chang, Yin Chang, behind a large group of the Qing Empire “princelings”; two, he recommended Yuan, had even his political opponents, of course, not the collar of his love; is recommended Yuan move, so that Yuan hated “princelings” more angry.

October 23, 2009, Sheng Xuanhuai again personally memorialized, requesting the Central made a decree strictly ordered Yam Cheong person at the Front, deploying additional Yuan Shikai’s imperial envoys, and recommended the implementation of the accountability system of generous rewards to be severely punished “front-line generals.

but has actually become a loner of the Sheng Xuanhuai was someone else’s “accountability”.

Sheng, of

October 16, Censor history Lu Jin impeachment While recognizing that the rail provider to do a large number of problems, on the other hand think the Sheng Xuanhuai state program is only in order to meet its “monopolize Liquan, adjust the economic private The purpose of the “and” without the Court, proposed “.

October 26, 2009, a Censor Fan Jie memorial, he accused, Sheng’s state-owned different parts of the railway to adopt a different method of compensation is to for stock market Insider trading: the state-owned railway announced before, Sheng has been sent to Guangzhou cheap acquisition of stock of Guangdong Road, Guangdong Road, the shares of full repayment, Sheng Xuanhuai big a fishing; and Sichuan Road The company’s stock, Sheng failed to collected, so constant pressure. Of course, this is a rumor.

The Censor proposed that Sheng Xuanhuai present only a minister, if he is in the position of the Deputy Prime Minister, “Pirates of the jade burglary Jun, what is not yet for?” less CHRONIC main suspect, and Minister rape cross that otherwise would announce guilt, Mingzhengdianxing, fear of monarchical Lingti, troubles more Hekan the envisaged the Sheng Xuanhuai problems, escalate the matter to the height of usurped class to seize power.

dangerous

driven a step-by-step Sheng, and finally in the national parliament on October 25 advisory council meeting, the culmination of: advisory council passed a resolution asking the Government to recall Sheng Xuanhuai all his posts.

that night, Sheng actually still write a lengthy defense of the word, one by one to refute the allegations of the lawmakers, and “self-dismissal, to Bixian”. The fine people of a lifetime as a hang out in the Government, business circles, as has been walking in the cusp of the “vanguard”, Sheng actually shows his childish side at this crucial moment: after all, the political games and power game, and never do not need to truth and the truth has always been talk about strength and not reason things out.

Sure enough, Sheng since requested to resign, no response dignified exit requirements, Central did not hesitate to cast him out: dismissal, never SERVICE. This is most severe in the Qing state disciplinary file, and further investigated for criminal liability. The advisory council’s members are still miss him, appeal directly to the most severe penalty: the death penalty.

At this point, Sheng completely into the inside and outside of the “Pig Dilemma: in the eyes of the” revolutionaries “, he is the most aggressive and firm’s counter-revolutionary, even more than the shadow of Chang Tsai-tse these royal Guiqi should be aggressive and firm, which made his assets in the Republic to become the most likely to be carved up fat; and he did not tried their very best to try to save the regime, but short-sighted and cold-blooded to throw him as a scapegoat, UN demands, this hysteresis Building collapse speed.

generational change in the Late Qing Dynasty, the even in China history on the moment of regime change, can such as Sheng Xuanhuai so, come to such a desperate character In fact, few and far between. If you do not those who claim to speak some “loyalty” (honor bound) – “Washington Post” said, Shikoku joint rescue Sheng, For this honor bound – foreigners who, Sheng probably have as side Fang, Chao, becoming in 1911 the altar in a pool of a pool of blood.

the Sheng Xuanhuai children and grandchildren records in exile in Japan in the first year, Sheng has been living in Kobe salt house mountain, wearing a kimono hung a small printed, engraved with “Suma cloth cassock word. Every day he had to write diaries, so that future generations of curiosity, to escape a desperate Sheng Xuanhuai How do you write it for themselves?